Vitamin C For Immune Health – Department of Microbiology Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, United States
The Long History of Vitamin C: From Flu Prevention to Possible Help in Treating Covid-19
Vitamin C For Immune Health
From Pauling’s theory to this day There is a great deal of understanding about the physiological role of vitamin C and the health effects of vitamin C supplementation. Although it is known that a well-balanced diet and adequate daily intake of vitamin C benefits the immune system and reduces susceptibility to infection, available data do not support this theory. Extra vitamin C will boost immunity. There are no current clinical recommendations that support the possibility of significantly reducing the risk of respiratory tract infections by using high-dose vitamin C supplements in the well-nourished general population. Supplementation may only be used in restricted subgroups (e.g. athletes or soldiers) and in subjects with low plasma vitamin C concentrations, also in high-risk categories of infection (e.g., obesity, diabetes). the elderly, etc.). Vitamin C supplements may modulate inflammation. It may have a positive effect on the immune response to infection. Questions remain about the effects of additional vitamin C intake on the duration of colds and the prevention or treatment of pneumonia. while from the acute illness study Recent administration of vitamin C This has been shown to be effective in COVID-19. hospitalization It was felt it was healing to have patients in this review. We focused on the effects of vitamin C on immune function. In summary, the most relevant studies ranging from the prevention and treatment of common respiratory diseases to the use of vitamin C in chronic conditions were studied. which clarifies the potential for use during the objectives of acute SARS-CoV2 infection.
Nature Made Extra Strength Vitamin C 1000 Mg Tablets, Dietary Supplement, 105 Count
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) plays a key role in the normal functioning of the immune system (1-4), and its use in the prevention and/or treatment of infectious diseases has attracted the attention of physicians and researchers for a long time. For nearly a century, several papers have been published on the subject. But although it is well known that vitamin C deficiency due to a low-nutrition diet tends to reduce the incidence of infection (5), viral diseases, the use of vitamin C-containing supplements primarily in populations with Good nutrition is insufficiently supported in the literature. There is currently little evidence supporting the benefit of high-dose vitamin C supplementation on immune function in healthy individuals (4, 6), and several authors have suggested. It emphasizes that this practice was effective against colds and viral infections in most volunteers (7), ineffective in preventing infection-12). The ability to stimulate the immune system is still prevalent. And every year, the market claims that the use of supplements is a winter remedy for the prevention of infectious diseases.
Although the current position of scientists does not recommend the use of vitamin C supplementation to prevent viral attack in healthy volunteers. But the information is more promising, even if it raises questions. The recommendation for intravenous injection of this vitamin in severe respiratory conditions or acute conditions (IA) seems to emerge from the disease. In addition, its potential pharmacological role in the early stages of novel coronavirus infection ( SARS-CoV2) and related diseases (COVID-19) have been raised recently (13–18). The global rapid spread of SARS-CoV2 and the emergence of a pandemic recognized by the World Health Organization. A global effort is needed to urgently identify what can treat the symptoms and reduce deaths as of early June. There have been more than 6,600,000 cases of COVID-19 and 391,000 deaths worldwide, and the number of cases continues to grow worldwide.19 There is currently no specific antiretroviral therapy approved for the treatment of COVID-19. 19(20), and this led the researchers to make predictions based on indirect evidence from critically ill patients and patients with sepsis (21). Sepsis is a life-threatening organ failure caused by an impaired host response to infection by severe and well-recognized circulatory, metabolic, and immune system failure. as the leading cause of death from infection: septic shock occurs, with a precipitous in-hospital mortality rate of up to 50% (22). This indicates that high doses of vitamin C by intravenous injection can reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and potentially important outcomes such as length of time to mechanical ventilation and mortality (13– 18) can be improved This is especially important because acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the most common acute conditions reported in COVID-19 patients (23). ARDS is a severe and in some cases fatal syndrome. can It is characterized by a strong inflammatory response with massive alveoli damage and multiple organ failure. leading to admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) is (24). The authors report the percentage of ARDS patients is approximately 15% among hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV2 infection (25).
There is no data yet on the use of intravenous vitamin C in COVID-19 patients, but clinical trials exploring the efficacy of this treatment are underway in several countries (26) and important results will be available soon.
From the above The purpose of this review is to summarize the immunological role of vitamin C with a description of its possible effects as a dietary supplement. to the systems involved during respiratory viral infection. and in considering various ideas about provocative responses subject type and clinical situation. Second, the manuscript describes an updated monograph on IA of ascorbic acid in the treatment of severe sepsis and ARDS with the aim of indicating that the current clinical background on this topic is sufficient to prescribe Is vitamin C paid for pharmacological use? . Drastically reduces cytokine production. and reduced control of other known COVID-19-related immune responses.
Vitamin C 200mg
Vitamin C is an essential nutrient that must be obtained from the diet. Due to the inability of humans to synthesize it (27), our bodies have therefore developed efficient adaptive systems to maintain bioavailable vitamin C stores and prevent depletion due to low dietary intake. These adaptations include a higher ability to absorb and recycle vitamin C than other animals (such as goats and snakes), which are normally capable of producing vitamin C (28, 29). It has been suggested that vitamin C is specifically stored in the brain, adrenal glands, liver and lungs (30–33), but that vitamin C levels in these organs decrease after about a week of fasting (31), disappearing rapidly. In humans, skeletal muscle represents an important source of vitamin C (34). Muscle fibers also rapidly lose their vitamin C content if diet is inadequate. of vitamin C in muscle tissue in saturated non-smokers men (35). Vitamin C homeostasis is finely regulated by at least four mechanisms: intestinal absorption; tissue delivery kidney reabsorption and excreted through urine Mainly by sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter (SVCT) (36), it is regulated by a group of proteins called phospholipids. Studies have shown that daily intakes of vitamin C from 100 to 400 mg ensure 100% absorption and saturation in the blood, with approximately constant plasma concentrations. reaching peak levels of 70–80 µmol/L (37, 38). In general, if vitamin C intake exceeds 500 mg/day, increased plasma concentrations are inhibited and bioavailability may be reduced by almost 30%. when giving more than 1,000 mg of vitamin C as a single dose Vitamin C dosing (39). This happens because when 500–1000 mg of vitamin C is given orally, the intestinal transporter (SVCT1) reaches saturation point rapidly, while slow urinary vitamin excretion increases ( 38, 39) Measurement of plasma vitamin C concentration can be considered. Although the circulating value cannot be used as a reliable marker of its accumulation in the body (approximately 5 g) (40), plasma vitamin C concentrations below 23 µmol/l are not available. Indicates a depletion of vitamin C sources. The clinical manifestations of scurvy occur when the plasma values are below 11 µmol/L (41).
To maintain the body adequately The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin C has been proposed over the years. RDAs vary from country to country. For example, the current recommendations in the United States and Canada are 90 mg/day for men with adults and 75 mg/day for adult women (42), while in Italy The recommended dose is 105 mg/day and 85 mg/day for male and female adults, respectively (43). This variation in the RDA may be explained by various criteria. used by various departments To determine the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for Vitamin C. Including the prevention of scurvy. immune cell support Maintaining adequate plasma vitamin C levels and optimizing health (44). In addition, the RDA varied among subjects. This is because many factors can modulate vitamin C needs, such as gender, age, smoking, pregnancy and breastfeeding (44).
Many authors and guidelines state that men need more vitamin C than women (45-51), possibly because men have more body weight and fat-free mass than women (52).
In children and adolescents